The new government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014 gave a considerable boost to improving bilateral relations with Bangladesh. Ironically, the same political parties that had opposed the AMLA have changed their position in the current scenario under the pretext of controlling illegal immigration. [12] Thus, the 100th AMLA Bill was passed unanimously by both houses of Parliament in India in June 2015. [13] This act implemented the provisions of the 1974 AMLA and the 2011 Protocol. [14] The exchange of letters between the two governments in 2015 established entry and exit routes to Haldibari, Changrabandha and Sahebganj, on India`s international border, as well as to Chilahati, Burimari and Bagbandar, on Bangladesh`s international border, for all those who opted for Indian or Bangladeshi nationality. It was decided that officials from both governments would carry out a joint visit to the enclaves to inform them of the provisions of the 1974 agreement and the 2011 protocol. The implementation process was first prepared in three phases. First, the date of entry into force of the Agreement and protocol was set at midnight on 31 July 2015. Second, further procedures relating to the transfer of local jurisdiction, the exchange of striped cards and the demarcation of border soils are expected to be completed by 30 June 2016.

Finally, the physical movement should begin after July 31, 2015 and end until November 30 of the same year. [15] [62] “Have I been to India? Q The old enclaves. BBC Bangla, Kolkata, 1 August 2016. www.bbc.com/bengali/news/2016/08/160731_enclaves_disillusion_indian_side_on_anniversary_lba The vast majority of the world`s enclaves were in a small part of the border country between India and Bangladesh, in the former princely state of Cooch Behar (now the name of a district in the Indian state of West Bengal). Before the exchange, there were about 223 enclaves in the world, 32 co-slaves and one co-sub-enclave. Enclaves exist in Western Europe – particularly in the Baarle enclaves in Belgium and the Netherlands – of the former Soviet Union and Asia. And in Morocco, the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla are the European Union`s only land border with Africa. BJP and Trinamool had strongly opposed the deal in previous cases. The state of Assam also strongly opposed the deal until April 2015, but agreed to control illegal immigration. www.ndtv.com/assembly-west-bengal/16-000-new-citizens-from-bangladeshi-enclaves-will-vote-in-west-bengal-1283958. [13] The 100th Land Border Agreement Bill was passed unanimously by both Houses of Parliament in India; 6 May 2015 in Rajya Sabha and 7 May 2015 in Lok Sabha. Sources: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MEA), “Exchange of enclaves between India and Bangladesh” (press release, 20 November 2015); MEA, India and Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (New Delhi: MEA, n.d.). The AMLA 2015 was signed in Bangladesh on 6 June 2015.

[1] The landmark agreement facilitated the transfer of 111 enclaves covering an area of 17,160.63 acres from India to Bangladesh. Conversely, India received 51 enclaves, or 7,110.02 acres, that were in Bangladesh (see Appendices 1 and 2). Prior to this historic agreement, the protocol signed in 2011 between Manmohan Singh of India and Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh was agreed, Maintaining the status quo in managing the problem of unfavorable land ownership, with India receiving 2,777,038 Acres (see Annex 3) from Bangladesh and passing in exchange 2,267,682 Acres to Bangladesh (see Annex 4). [2] The 2011 Protocol was established in an agreement with the state governments of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and West Bengal, but could not be implemented due to adverse political circumstances. . . .